In sum, our results reveal a prostate cancer experimental system where statins exhibit an undesirable effect, and warrant further research to address the relevance and implications of this observation in human prostate cancer. In vitro cell line systems supported the notion that this phenomenon occurs, at least in part, through the direct action on cancer cells of low doses of statins, in range of what is observed in human plasma.

In addition, the use of a mouse model of prostate cancer and human prostate cancer xenografts revealed that in vivo simvastatin administration alone increases prostate cancer aggressiveness. Here we show that treatment with anti-cholesterolemic drugs, statins, at doses achieved in patients, enhance the pro-tumorigenic activity of obesogenic diets. In turn, prostate cancer patients frequently undergo chronic pharmacological treatments that could alter disease initiation, progression and therapy response. Among them, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or metabolic syndrome exhibit an elevated incidence. Prostate cancer is diagnosed late in life, when co-morbidities are frequent. Received: JAccepted: OctoPublished: OctoAbstract

Keywords: prostate cancer statins cholesterol obesity mouse models * These authors have contributed equally to this work , Centre National de la Recherche Scientiﬁque, Paris, FranceĨ Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, Franceĩ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spainġ0 IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, Bilbao, Spainġ1 Department of Urology and Research Group in Urology, Vall d´Hebron Hospital, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Aransay 1,9, Antonio Gomez-Muñoz 2, Mireia Olivan 11, Juan Morote 11 and Arkaitz Carracedo 1,2,3,10ġ CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, SpainĢ Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, SpainĤ Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spainĥ Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, FranceĦ Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France

Cortazar 1, Patricia Zúñiga-García 1, Amaia Arruabarrena-Aristorena 1, Fabienne Guillaumond 5,6,7,8, Diana Cabrera 1, Juan M. Alfredo Caro-Maldonado 1, Laura Camacho 1,2,*, Amaia Zabala-Letona 1,3,*, Verónica Torrano 1,3, Sonia Fernández-Ruiz 1,3, Kepa Zamacola-Bascaran 1, Leire Arreal 1, Lorea Valcárcel-Jiménez 1, Natalia Martín-Martín 1,3, Juana M.

Sims 4 cancer mod 2018